Periodontal bioengineering with mesenchymal stem cells

Current periodontal regenerative therapies aim at restitution ad integrum of the attachment apparatus, which involves ligament, root cementum, and alveolar bone. Guided tissue regeneration, bioactive agents bone replacement grafts have been utilized in an attempt to fully restore lost tissues. But their predictability has limited dependent on patient- defect-related factors. Consequently, treatment most defects still lacks satisfactory predictable outcomes. Cell therapies, based use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent a promising therapeutic strategy light recently available published preclinical investigations clinical studies. The application MSCs humans is being performed by two different strategies: (1) ex vivo culture undifferentiated from autologous or allogeneic sources, subjected specific cell expansion characterization/differentiation tests obtain required counts for transplantation; (2) micrografts, apart MSCs, contain other biologically active populations extracellular matrix. This review evaluates current status therapy applied describing not only mechanism action, but also efficacy safety according evidence.